1、第二课英语词类讲解1-10种英语词类6种英语实词（有实义）：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词4种英语虚词：冠词、介词、连词和感叹词2-6种英语实词1.名词（noun，缩写式为n）普通名词(common noun):是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。 luggage,success,traffic专有名词(proper noun):是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。 专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。 Tom,China,A Tale of Two Cities,March,Saturday可数en,where,why（3）关系副词(放在定语从句句首),如:when,where,why（4）连接副词(放在名词从句句首),如:how,when,where,why,whether 19-功能：1.作状语:a.You should always review your lessons.b.The visitors are warmly welcomed by the students.c.Certainly we should try out best to improve our work。
2、性：可数名词（countable nouns)&不可数名词（uncountable nouns)冠词的使用单复数 s/es谓语动词的搭配*集合类名词：council，government，group，jury,team,family3-名词的功能:1主语：The bags are in the desk.2宾语：I washed my clothes yesterday.3表语：This is a good book.4宾语补足语:We selected him our monitor.5介词宾副词、介词、连词等单词或短语,以说明动作性质或状态的特征的词（1）一般副词主要分为以下几种:时间副词,如:today,now,tomorrow,for 3 minutes地点副词,如:here,there,above,outside方式副词,如:hard,well,badly,fast,slowly 程度副词,如:very,quite,much,still,almost 频率副词,如:often,always,sometimes,never（2）疑问副词(放在特殊疑问句的句首),如:how,wh。
3、语:Mary lives with her parents.6定语：She is a Party member.women doctorsmeeting rooms4-2.动词（verb）分类：实义动词（行为动词），连系动词，助动词，情态动词基本形式：原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词（1）实义动词：及物动词（transitive verb）：Hes reading a magazine.他正在读一本杂志。 （单宾语）Mr Zhang teaches us English.张老师教edmore tiredmost tiredeasilymore easilymost easily17-原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolder oldesteldereldest形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成2、不规则变化18-4.副词（Adverb,adv）副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、。
4、我们英语。 （双宾语：us是间接宾语，English是直接宾语）不及物动词（intransitive verb）:The sun rises.He works hard.5-2.动词（verb）（2）连系动词：be动词(is,am,are,was,were,have/has been)感官系动词（feel，smell，taste，look，sound）：后面一般加形容词变化系动词（become,get,grow,turn）：后面一般加形容词6-2.动词（verb）（3）助动词：最常用的助动词有：bfastfasterfastest以字母e结尾的形容词，加-r或-stnicenicernicestlargelargerlargest重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母；再加-es或-estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-esteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或mosttir。
5、e,have,do,shall,will,should,would1)助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用2)助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，a.表示时态，He has got married.b.表示语态，He was sent to England.c.构成疑问句，Do you like college life?d.与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，I dont like him.e.加强语气，He did know that.7-2.动词（verb）（4）情态动词:情态动词是一种本身有一定的三者以上比较，用the+最高级+名词+范围This is the cleanest place of the city.2）表示“最之一”，用“on of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”This is one of the most interesting books that Ive ever read.16-一、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成1、规则变化构 成 方 法原 级比 较 级最 高 级单音节词和少数多音节词一般在词尾加-er/或-est/ist/coldcoldercoldest。
6、词义，但要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。 must,can(could),may(might),shall(should),will(would),need,dare,have(had,has)to,used to只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),shall(should),will(would)可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare具有情态动词特征：have(had,has)est，以不发音的e结尾加-st：2）short-shortest nice-nicest2.辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i加-est：heavy-heaviest happyhappiest3.末尾是元辅结构，且重读，双写末尾的辅音字母再加-est:big-biggest hot-hottest4.部分双音节词和多音节词在前面加the most:athletic-the most athletic5.部分形容词不规则变化:good-best15-形容词的比较等级二.最高级的用法1）三者或。
7、to,used to8-3.形容词（adjective,adj）用来表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词称为形容词以-able,-al,-ful,-ish,-less,-ous,-y等后缀结尾的词功能：1.定语：The high price surprised him.She told us something interesting.(后置定语）enough food,beautiful enough2.表语:The sun was hot.3.补语:They find the book quiic5.部分形容词不规则变化:good-better 12-形容词不规则变化:原级比较级goodwellbadbadly illmanymuchlittlefarbetterworsemorelessfarther/further13-形容词的比较等级二.比较级的用法1）比较级+than2）比较级+and+比较级，more and more+原级3）the+比较级，the+比较级4）the+比较级+of the two14-形容词的比较等级三.最高级1.形容词最高级的构成：1）单音节形容词后加-。
8、te interesting.4.主语或宾语:The rich like living in the countryside.5.状语：Wet or fine,he got up at six and took a walk in the park.（=Whether it was wet or fine,he got up at six and took a walk in the park.9-3.形容词（adjective）用来表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词称为形容词以-able,-aasas2）not as(so)as3）数词+times+as+原级+as二.比较级1）形容词比较级的构成：1.单音节形容词后加-er，以不发音的e结尾加-r：2.short-shorter nice-nicer2.辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i加-er：heavy-heavier happyhappier3.末尾是元辅结构，且重读，双写末尾的辅音字母再加-er:big-bigger hot-hotter4.部分双音节词和多音节词在前面加more:athletic-more athlet。
9、l,-ful,-ish,-less,-ous,-y等后缀结尾的词-ed 人的感受：tired,tiring;amazed,amazing;fascinated,fascinating;I was amazed at the variety of wonderful animals.-ing 引发情感的事物或人：Its an absolutely amazing city to visit.Exercise 1:-ed,-ing：1.I was really_(please)when I open上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。 如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry 三.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)-出处-材料性质，类别-名词a small round table；a tall gray building；a dirty old brown shirt；a famous German medical school11-形容词的比较等级一.原级1。
10、ed my present because it was just what I wanted.2.The jungle was full of strange noises and I felt_(frighten)during the whole trip.3.Having a warm bath can be very _(relax)after exercise.4.My trip through the jungle was the most _(excite)Adventure Ive ever had.I cant wait to go back.10-注意：一.以-ly结尾的形容词1）friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.二.用形容词表示类别和整体某些形容词加。
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